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“Neurodiversity” refers to the natural variety of brain functioning and behavior that occurs due to sensory, motor, social, mood, cognitive or neurological differences. Every person can be considered on the neurodiversity spectrum, but specialists may categorize individuals as neurodivergent vs neurotypical. An individual with neurodivergence falls outside the typical range of brain and behavior variation.

Twenty percent of the U.S. population is neurodivergent, which includes those diagnosed as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, dyslexia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome and more. 

Some environmental factors, like brain injury or trauma, can lead to neurodivergence, but most often initial signs of neurodiversity first appear during childhood, as neurological and learning disorders can be genetic. Early challenges with reading, writing, behavior and mood can be indicators of neurodivergent traits. As an adult, these challenges can still be enormous hurdles.

These differences are very common, but they can be ignored or “othered” in our society. ADHD, for example, shows up in approximately 7 million U.S. children ages 3-17 and typically co-occurs with another behavior or conduct, learning or mental health condition.  For many adolescents, school is often a place where neurodiversity is accepted as part of ‘identity’ among peers, but schools and workplaces are not often designed to accommodate unique needs. As a result, individuals might experience challenges in communication, socializing or environmental stimulation, which can lead to stress, trauma or mental health concerns.

Yet the neurodivergent community has a broad range of talents, creativity and perspective. There is no “normal” way to think, learn or behave—accepting a neurodivergent identity or diagnosis can support personal well-being.

How to advocate for the neurodiverse community

“Diversity” is in the name—and it’s essential to recognize that everyone takes on challenges in a different way. Mutual respect and understanding differences are key. 

Here are a few ways to advocate:

• Recognize that neurodivergence is a spectrum. Common patterns that may appear in individuals with neurodivergence include impulsivity, sensory or emotional overloading, self-isolation, lack of physical contact and hyper-fixation. Family, friends and partners can support individuals with neurodivergence by maintaining awareness, listening intently and adapting communication where needed.
• Encourage individuals to seek professional support. Many go undiagnosed but may still be experiencing thoughts or behaviors that could cause significant impacts. Acknowledging neurodiversity is important to avoid conflicts, build crucial resources and promote healthier relationships.
• Be careful with media representations of neurodiversity. Social media, for example, often creates misunderstandings or simplification of diagnoses, which can be more harmful than beneficial.
• Adapt approaches where needed. Interventions for individuals with neurodivergence are not one size fits all. Leaders in schools and workplaces can support individuals through accommodations, including quiet spaces, fidgets, notice of schedule changes, verbal and written instructions, flexible seating and more. Accommodations are critical to providing an equitable workspace free from stigma—and ultimately benefit everyone.
• Be aware of cultural stigma or biases. Social norms, or expectations, can influence how individuals express these patterns and how others respond to them. Stigmas are still very prevalent in our society and culture, and these interfere with access and resources, making day-to-day life harder.
• Use first person language. Try saying “a person with autism” or “she has disclosed her OCD.” Avoid “disabled” or “disadvantaged” to describe groups, unless preferred.
  

Supporting individuals with neurodivergence and fostering collaboration in a considerate and empathetic manner can greatly enhance relationships. People with neurodivergence process and experience the world in unique ways, offering fresh perspectives that can lead to innovative ideas and solutions. Their contributions expand our collective understanding and provide new approaches to addressing both challenges and opportunities. By actively inviting and valuing the opinions and ideas of individuals with neurodivergence, we can enrich our society. Furthermore, equipping neurotypical individuals with the right tools and support enhances their ability to engage and collaborate effectively with neurodivergent colleagues, creating a more inclusive and dynamic environment for everyone.

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